(Thus the names eponychium, cuticle, and perionychium would be synonymous, although a distinction is still drawn here.) It is the cuticle (nonliving part) that is removed during a manicure, but the eponychium (living part) should not be touched due to risk of infection. They are continuous, and some references view them as one entity. The eponychium is the fold of skin cells that produces the cuticle. The cuticle is the semi-circular layer of almost invisible dead skin cells that "ride out on" and cover the back of the visible nail plate. Together, the eponychium and the cuticle form a protective seal. It is not visible in some individuals while it is highly prominent on others. It is just under the free edge, in that portion of the nail where the nail bed ends and can be recognized in fair-skinned people by its glassy, greyish colour. The onychodermal band is the seal between the nail plate and the hyponychium. It forms a seal that protects the nail bed. The hyponychium (informally known as the "quick") is the epithelium located beneath the nail plate at the junction between the free edge and the skin of the fingertip. The free margin ( margo liber) or distal edge is the anterior margin of the nail plate corresponds to the abrasive or cutting edge of the nail. The nail plate is strongly attached to the nail bed and does not contain any nerves or blood vessels. In common usage, the word nail often refers to this part only. Its (transverse) shape is determined by the form of the underlying bone. Several layers of dead, compacted cells cause the nail to be strong but flexible. The nail plate ( corpus unguis) sometimes referred to as the nail body, is the visible hard nail area from the nail root to the free edge, made of translucent keratin protein. It originates from the actively growing tissue below, the matrix. the base of the nail underneath the skin. The nail sinus ( sinus unguis) is where the nail root is i.e. The nail bed is highly innervated, and removal of the nail plate is often excruciatingly painful as a result. In old age, the nail plate becomes thinner, and these grooves become more visible. The epidermis is attached to the dermis by tiny longitudinal "grooves" called matrix crests ( cristae matricis unguis). Like all skin, it is made of two types of tissues: the dermis and the epidermis. Nerves and blood vessels found here supply nourishment to the entire nail unit. It is the area of the nail on which the nail plate rests. The nail bed is the skin beneath the nail plate. The lunula appears white due to a reflection of light at the point where the nail matrix and nail bed meet. The lunula can best be seen in the thumb and may not be visible in the little finger. The lunula ("small moon") is the visible part of the matrix, the whitish crescent-shaped base of the visible nail. This makes the capillaries in the nail bed below visible, resulting in a pink color. As new nail plate cells are made, they push older nail plate cells forward and in this way older cells become compressed, flat, and translucent. The matrix will continue to produce cells as long as it receives nutrition and remains in a healthy condition. The width and thickness of the nail plate is determined by the size, length, and thickness of the matrix, while the shape of the fingertip bone determines if the nail plate is flat, arched, or hooked. The matrix produces cells that become the nail plate. It is the part of the nail bed that is beneath the nail and contains nerves, lymph and blood vessels. The nail matrix is also known as the matrix unguis, keratogenous membrane, or onychostroma. The cells harden as they move outward from the nail root to the nail plate. The nail matrix is the active tissue (or germinal matrix) that generates cells. The nail consists of the nail plate, the nail matrix and the nail bed below it, and the grooves surrounding it.
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